Codeine

Codeine is one of alkaloids from opiates group. It may be produced naturally by extraction from opium or synthesized from morphine (semi-synthetic substance). It may be used as an addictive substance by high doses intake.

formula molecule

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Trade

Trade & street names

codeine, methylmorphine

Products

Among commercial products codeine occurs in sulfate or phosphate form as an ingredient of many medicaments, e.g.:

codeine phosphate + acetaminophen (paracetamol) (co-codamol is general name for all mixtures of acetaminophen and codeine) – Tylenol 3 with Codeine (U.S.), Solpadeine (UK), Solpadol (UK), Panadeine (Australia), Tylex, Kapake
codeine + guaifenesin (guaiphenesin) – Brontex
codeine + promethazinecodeine – syrup (generic only)
aspirin + barbiturate butalbital + caffeine + additionally in some formulations codeine – Fiorinal/Fioricet

Medical info

Class	stimulant, depressant
Medical use	controlled substance, cough treatment, diarrhea treatment, moderate to severe pain relieving, irritable bowel syndrome treatment
Routes	oral, injected
Effects of use	analgesia, euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory, depression, constricted pupils, nausea
Effects of overdose	slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death, apnea, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, circulatory collapse, cold and clammy skin, death, extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, hypotension, miosis, respiratory depression, skeletal muscle flaccidity
Withdrawal effects	watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating
Onset	15-30 minutes (oral)
Duration of action	3-6 hours